The Abstracts of Vol.1,2024
Releasing Time：04.29.2024Source：亚非发展研究所英文
Profound Changes Unseen in a Century，Insights from History and China's Strategic Choices
Wang Xin
The world is currently undergoing profound changes unseen in a century，marked by a historical trend of “the rise of the East and the decline of the West”，which is unfolding and intertwined with the rapid transformation of the international system. Concurrently，China is at a critical stage in the process of pursuing its second centenary goal and striving for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In order to accurately comprehend the dynamic international landscape，it is essential to objectively and calmly grasp the essence and significance of the unprecedented global changes in a century. China's future development requires strategic planning that based on the changing characteristics of the times，the international landscape，major power relations，global governance，and world contradictions. Comparing China's development path and experience over the past century with those of other countries will consolidate the fundamental principles and direction of China's distinctive modernization process. This will enhance China's capacity to seize strategic opportunities and navigate the challenges posed by the turbulent global change.
Keywords：changes unseen in a century; historical experiences；international relations；major power relations；China's diplomacy；national security
Theoretical Innovation and World Significance of Chinesestyle Modernization
Li Wen
To promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinesestyle modernization is the central task of our Party and country in the future period. Chinesestyle modernization transforms the universality of world modernization into the endogenous driving force of national modernization，and transforms the specificity of national modernization into a new form of human civilization. The Chinesestyle modernization proposed by Xi Jinping has both the common characteristics of modernization of different countries and the “dual attribute theory” of distinct features based on our own national conditions，which is a significant innovation breakthrough with milestone significance in the development of modernization theory，and provides a scientific guide for the construction of Chinesestyle modernization theory system. The “twocombination theory” proposed by Xi Jinping，which combines the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific reality and the excellent traditional Chinese culture，clarifies the fundamental approach for constructing the Chinesestyle modernization theory system. Chinesestyle modernization shows a new picture different from Western modernization，representing the direction of human civilization progress，and demonstrating the distinct era value and world significance.
Keywords：Chinesestyle modernization；dual attribute；twocombination；new form of human civilization；theoretical innovation;world significance
From ASEAN to the “ASEAN Cosmos”：the Global Significance of Regional Order Construction in Southeast Asia
Zhai Kun
In contemporary world，ASEAN is facing new changes in its internal and external environment，and the competitive potential of the major powers continues to increase. ASEAN remains steadfast in its commitment to fostering an inclusive regional order，and this commitment is showing positive growth in Southeast Asia. Looking at the historical evolution of regional order construction in Southeast Asia，ASEAN has evolved from a passive participant to an active architect，shaping the spatial structure and theoretical framework of what is now referred to as the “ASEAN Cosmos”. The emergence of the “ASEAN Cosmos” does not come out of nowhere，nor is it the result of pure spontaneity on the part of ASEAN，but rather represents a nuanced and complex synthesis across three dimensions：the interactions among ASEAN member states，the relations between ASEAN and the major powers，and the broader engagement between ASEAN and the world. The “ASEAN Cosmos” originates from ASEAN's reflections on the internal and external world at the cognitive level，and from the logic of ASEAN's experience in interactions among ASEAN countries and with the world at the practical level. The “ASEAN Cosmos” is not a single static concept，but a collection of dynamic concepts，that demonstrate the process of building a transregional global network created by ASEAN at the macro level，presenting a dynamic conceptual map of Southeast Asia in world politics，and providing an opportunity for the “Global South” to participate in the construction of the international order.
Keywords：ASEAN；ASEAN Cosmos；Southeast Asia；regional order；Global South；global significance；world politics
Functionalization and Securitization：The Development of AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation in Great Power Rivalry
Guan Chuanjing
In 2023，the US Biden administration has accelerated negotiations on the IndoPacific Economic Framework (IPEF)，indicating that competition for the direction of economic order in the AsiaPacific region has become fierce. As the regional power structure changes，the strategic implications of economic relations in the AsiaPacific are becoming increasingly complex，and how the major powers use economic cooperation to influence strategic relations has become a key issue. The strategic effects of trade agreements include not only the “strategic stability effect” between partners，but also the “strategic externalities” for nonparticipants，which are affected by the depth of economic cooperation and constitute two basic paths of “functionalization” and “securitization”. In the past decade，China has supported ASEAN to lead regional economic cooperation based on the “strategic stability effect” of trade agreements，and this strategy has facilitated the functional development of regional economic cooperation. The United States has used the “strategic externalities” of trade agreements to pursue geopolitical interests，and this policy stimulated regional economic cooperation to become more securitised.
Keywords：Geoeconomic competition；Asiapacific economic cooperation；trade agreement；strategic externalities；functionalization；securitization
New Situation，Challenges，and Ideas in the South China Sea—Overview of the 2023 South China Sea Forum
Chang Na
In 2023，the situation in the South China Sea region is complex and constantly changing，with frequent crises. The South China Sea issue remains the most complex maritime dispute in the world and an important factor affecting China ASEAN relations. How to respond to the new maritime security situation in the Asia Pacific region in the context of the strategic game between China and the United States，and related issues urgently require indepth exploration and summary. At the 2023 “South China Sea Forum” hosted by the Collaborative Innovation Center for South China Sea Research at Nanjing University，participating experts held indepth discussions on new situations and issues in the struggle for rights and stability in the South China Sea，challenges and responses to US interference and small multilateral mechanisms in the South China Sea，historical perspectives and new trends and challenges in the legal disputes over sovereignty and maritime rights in the South China Sea，as well as new ideas and methods to improve cooperation in the South China Sea. Given the various changes in the legal，cognitive，and discourse struggles，China needs to further strengthen the construction of evidence chains and discourse power，reshape the standardization of relevant practices in combination with specific conditions，and enhance cooperation and joint development in the South China Sea.
Keywords：South China Sea Forum；South China Sea；South China Sea policy；strategic game between China and the United States on maritime rights and interests；South China Sea cooperation
Why Does the Term ‘Developing Country’Trigger a Debate?—A Historical Study of the Term under GATT
Zhang Tong
“Developing country” is a basic term in global governance，but has become a controversial one in the field of international discourse in recent years. Examining the history of the term “developing country” under the framework of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is of great value to clarify the origin of the related disputes and to further understand the international discourse competition. Under the GATT，the term “developing country” has gone through three stages：the germination phase through the revision of Article 18 of GATT1947 in the 1950s，the birth phase through the addition of the fourth section of GATT1947 in the 1960s，and the diffusion stage represented by Generalized System of Preferences，Special and Differential Treatment and “Graduation Principle” after 1970s. The term “developing country” under GATT is characterized by ambiguity and confusion，which could in part lead to related disputes under the system of World Trade Organization. Western developed countries have injected their own values into the term in this process，while the developing countries have only played very limited role，which provides us with an important lesson for today's international discourse competition.
Keywords：developing countries；General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade；World Trade Organization；GATT WTO international discourse competition
India's National Security DecisionMaking Mechanism：its Evolution，Logic and Tend
Lin Xiaolin
The evolution of India's national security mechanismis characterized by three stages based on whether the relevant decisionmaking process has institutionalized characteristics. For a long time after India's independence，authoritarian decisionmaking was the main feature of Indian national security decisionmaking，and slowly evolved towards institutionalization with the reform attempts of several governments. Under the Vajpayee government，the National Security Council (NSC) was rebuilt，and an institutional mechanism for national security decisionmaking was established，comprising the Strategic Policy Group (SPG)，the NSC Secretariat (NSCS) and the National Security Advisory Board (NSAB). In recent years，the Modi government's reforms have made India's national security decisionmaking more institutionalized，scientific，coordinated and professional in many ways. With the logic of exploration of modernization and nationbuilding，the main body of India's national security decisionmaking has expanded，the decisionmaking process and its content have become sciencebased，and its influence has spread deep into all areas of Indian society. This developmental trend is promoting India's national security decisionmaking mechanism towards an institutionalized operation together with longterm planning and systematic coordination.
Keywords：India；national security；decisionmaking mechanism；authoritarian decisionmaking；institutionalization；the Modi government