The Abstracts of Vol.5,2020
Releasing Time：09.16.2020Source：亚非发展研究所英文
The Future of Global Ocean Governance and China＇s Option
Wu Shicun
Global ocean governance has emerged and developed with the continuous promotion of globalization since the late 1940s and early 1950s, and formed two approaches in regional and international practice, namely globalism and regionalism. Currently, ocean governance is facing challenges from de-globalization, populism/nationalism, economic protectionism, and unilateralism. The approaches of globalism and regionalism in ocean governance have their own advantages and complement each other. Facing global and trans-regional maritime challenges and threats, the ocean governance with multilateralism and globalism is indispensable, into which the advantages of regionalism will gradually be incorporated, forming a“hybridism”ocean governance approach. For China, it is a relatively viable option to advocate multilateralism and globalism in maritime governance, and push forward ocean governance cooperation in the South China Sea and surrounding areas, to seek for a greater say in the reconstruction of the global ocean governance system and to promote the construction of a maritime community with a shared future.
The World Order and Russia＇s Strategic Choices in the“Post- pandemic era”
Feng Yujun
The spread of COVID-19 has intensified existing global conflicts and profoundly changed the global political, economic and security landscape since the end of the Cold War. Recently, Russian leaders and strategic circles have been thinking deeply about the international structure, world order, globalization process and power relations in the“post-pandemic era”. They believe that as the international structure and world order are being reshaped at an accelerating pace, Russia is facing the greatest strategic opportunity since the Crimean crisis and even the end of the Cold War. In view of Russian strategic circles, under the new situation, Russia needs to reshape its foreign policy ideas, consolidate the special responsibilities of the privileged members of the UN Security Council permanent members to the world, deepen the Eurasia integration, deftly manage the Russia-China-US triangle relations, balance relations with China with the help of various forces and seek to improve U.S. -Russian relations.
Sea Lane Security from the Perspective of Alliance:
Cooperation and Divergence between the United States and Japan
Xu Wansheng and Qiu Yue
Under the framework of alliance, both the US and Japan attach great importance to sea lane security; however, they have different emphases in their strategic recognition. Guaranteeing sea lane security has been the main route for the US and Japan to deepen military cooperation and promote institutionalization of alliance. Within the alliance, the continuous reinforcement of Japan＇s“self-defense”capability along the sea lane is reflected not only in Japan＇s response to the demand of the US alliance strategy and efforts to consolidate the US-Japan alliance, but also in the fact that Japan has frequently taken independent actions beyond the framework of allianceIn order to construct a sea power alliance, the US and Japan, despite their different strategic priorities, have taken various measures to jointly intervene in the sea power disputes in the regions along the sea lane, which has raised regional security tensions
Reshaping of Regional Security Order and Japan-Australia Security Cooperation
Ling Shengli and Hou Congrui
After the end of the Cold War, Japan-Australia security cooperation gradually strengthened, realizing the transition from“indirect allies”to“quasi-allies”. Regarding the reasons for Japan-Australia security cooperation, there are mainly four viewpoints in the academia: the American impetus, Japan-Australia homogeneity, economic spillover effect, and the precaution against China. This article believes that it is necessary to analyze Japan-Australia security cooperation from the perspective of regional security order, which reflects the independence of the two countries＇security cooperation. This independence derived from many consensuses on the requirements of the regional security order and the choices of security measures. Affected by this, Japan-Australia security cooperation is constantly strengthening, mainly reflected in the increasing number of security agreements, the continuous development of military exchanges and cooperation, and enhanced coordination of regional security affairs. This has multiple impacts on Japan-Australia bilateral relations, the Asia-Pacific alliance system, and the regional security environment. However, the bilateral security cooperation is also faced with restrictions such as US factors and internal differences of Japan-Australia bilateral relations. For China, it is necessary to pay attention to the independence of Japan-Australia security cooperation, strengthen the integration of interests with Japan and Australia, reduce their threat perception of China, and promote a more diverse and inclusive regional security order.
The Maritime Silk Road in the 21st Century and the Strategic Transformation of PLA Navy：
A Study Centered on the South China Sea
He An
As the starting point of the“The Maritime Silk Road in the 21st Century”, the South China Sea is also the core area of the strategic transformation of the PLA Navy. The South China Sea is not only the intersection area of two X-shaped Chinese maritime strategic lines based on the“The Maritime Silk Road in the 21st Century”, but also“The Mediterranean Sea in Asia”and“China＇s Caribbean Sea”. At the same time, it is also the starting point of PLA naval strategic transformation with“offshore defense and open sea protection”as the core. In the background of“The Maritime Silk Road in the 21st Century”, the maritime strategic structure (one axis and two flanks) is gradually formed with the South China Sea as the axis and the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean as the two flanks in the future. Moreover, it not only further reveals the importance of the South China Sea in the“The Maritime Silk Road in the 21st Century”and the strategic transformation of the PLA Navy, but also lays its strategic foundation.
The China-Philippines Cooperation on Oil and Gas Development：Legal Difficulties and Potential Risk
Xu Caimengxiao
In recent years, China and the Philippines have been actively promoting cooperation on oil and gas development in the South China Sea. The legal obstacles in the early practice of joint development between the Parties are still the main constraints to the promotion of cooperation. The disagreement between the Parties on the question whether the waters near Spratlys is disputed area or not makes it difficult for them to reach an agreement on the legal nature and the application of law of cooperative development. Domestic laws of the Philippines severely restrict another participating sovereign state from sharing the ownership of oil and gas and the control of development projects. In the current legal dilemma and the situation in the South China Sea, if the key provisions of the agreement may materially and adversely affect any party＇s claims on sovereignty (rights and interests) in the South China Sea, the outcome of oil and gas cooperation will deviate from its original intention and becomes another factor of friction in the South China Sea. It is really necessary for China to shape a voice in the international rule of law in the South China Sea Dispute by changing from passive legal defense to active legal creation while resolving the legal dilemma of the cooperation.
US Indo-Pacific Strategy Southeast Orientation and Its Impact on ASEAN
Fan Sicong
Since US put forward Indo-Pacific strategy, Japan, India and Australia，as pillars of Indo-Pacific strategy, had issued their own Indo-Pacific strategy with passion respectively and Squad thus formed. It is noted that ASEAN, located in the core region of US Indo-Pacific region did not merit due attention from US. Due to the notion that US alone is not capable of meeting the challenge from China, US tried to initiate its Indo-Pacific strategy in southeast, rather than ASEAN way. Signaling in essence to diffuse ASEAN in security sphere in this region. ASEAN is now facing three major difficulties，i.e. conflict between economic regionalism and security regionalism, a traditional security way and ASEAN way; ASEAN centrality and ASEAN unity. It is no doubt that ASEAN will take actions to face great power rivalry, while its international status would be tested.