The Abstracts of Vol.3,2019
Releasing Time：05.16.2019Source：亚非发展研究所英文
New Trends, Features and Future of World Politics
Tang Yongsheng, Ren Jiantao, etc.
The political process in today's world presents a complicated system effect. The traditional factors such as power politics, hegemony, capital expansion and regional competition, combined with the new factors such as science and technology innovation and development represented by information technology, the increase and spread of global issues, the rising status of non-national role, the diversity of ideas, have greatly changed the composite of the variables influencing the historical course of the world. One of the most important variables is the relationship between man and nature and the effect of science and technology. The new trend of world politics is to break out of the bondage of the Peace Treaty of Westphalia. U.S. President Trump has caused great uncertainty to the world politics and international relations, which has challenged the predictability of multilateral military security and the economy. As the world enters a long period of uncertainty, China and the United States should avoid falling in the “ Thucydides trap”.
Basic Sociopolitical Orders in Western Countries and Its Inherent Contradictions
Tang Shiqi
In the beginning of the establishment of sociopolitical orders in western countries, a basic principle was the separation of political equality and social differences. However, in the course of history, the equality in the political sphere has been expanding to the social sphere, reflected in the economic and cultural aspects, as well as immigration and refugee issues. The differences in the social sphere have also started to infiltrate into the political sphere, which is reflected in the emergence of identity politics. The inter-pervasion between politics and society is one of the fundamental causes of many social and political problems in western countries. The current policy adjustment of western countries is not simply a response to some external factors, but because of the internal contradictions.
Relevant Theoretic Issues of the “Community of Maritime Destiny”
Chen Xiuwu
The “community of maritime destiny” is the main component of the “community with a shared future for mankind”, and China's wisdom and plan for maintaining maritime security and stability and promoting global maritime governance. In line with the principle of “extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefit”, it advocates the relevant countries jointly protect maritime peace, seek maritime security, promote maritime prosperity, build the marine environment and promote marine culture. It is not only a philosophical topic, rich in philosophical elements of ancient Chinese sages, especially Mencius' thought; but also a methodological issue, which can play the role of “conceptual tools”. The characteristics of “symbiosis and harmony” of the “community of maritime destiny” is not only a modern interpretation of the “unity of man and nature” in ancient Chinese philosophy, but also an expression of the “concept of interests” in the new era. The article studies the historic sea area of East Asia in the perspective of the theoretical interpretation of “community of maritime destiny”, and the conclusion is of great historical and practical significance to build the “maritime silk road” and the“ community with a shared future for mankind”.
On China's Seapower and Protection of Overseas Interests since the Reform and Opening-Up
Yang Zhen and Cai Liang
In the four decades after the reform and opening up, China's overseas interests have been increasing by years, while it has been also facing various security threats. Compared with land, the oceans and seas can be served as a more important geographical medium which links China's domestic and overseas interests. Since the establishment of strategic goal of becoming a maritime power, China increasingly focuses on using the seapower to maintain its growing overseas interests. For China, the strong seapower is an effectively way to safeguard its overseas interests, the key to the development of its national economy. Also, the thriving national economy can in turn provide better economic conditions for developing stronger seapower. To realize the triangular positive cycle, China needs to: first, establish a common maritime security mechanism; second, enhance the navy's ability to safeguard its overseas interests; third, develop marine high technologies; fourth, enhance legislative research on international seabed development; fifth, strengthen China's ability to provide international maritime public goods.
A Critical Analysis on the FONOP in South China Sea
Jia Yu
The freedom of navigation was regulated during the three United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea. The UNCLOS establishes regimes for sea areas and ships need to abide by corresponding rules during their navigation. Argument about the innocent passage of warships exists and the practice varies. China's position on this issue has been consistent in domestic legislation and practice before, during and after the UNCLOS-III, insisting that foreign ships for military purposes shall be subject to approval by the Government for entering the territorial sea of the coastal states. In the name of freedom of navigation, the United States put its “freedom of navigation” into practice in the South China Sea: sending military warships and aircrafts to access and fly over the waters within 12 nautical miles of the islands and reefs in South China Sea, which endangered the freedom of navigation in practice.
America's Intervention into South China Sea: Strategic Misjudgment and Strategic Intention
Shao Jianping and Liu Ying
In recent years, the United States have made serious strategic misjudgment on South China Sea dispute taking China's legitimate behaviors as a challenge to its own hegemony. Based on the misjudgment, the United States in a high-profile intervenes in the South China Sea issue in the name of the maintenance of freedom of navigation and overflight, and the peaceful resolution of disputes in accordance with international law, using it as a tool to balance China's peaceful rise and maintain its own maritime hegemony. To achieve China's strategic intention in South China Sea of maintaining the balance of safeguarding stability and legal rights, China should continue to take measures to safeguard its legal rights in South China Sea, and also carry on “dual track tactics” and “shelving disputes and joint development”, and tamp China-ASEAN cooperation in the South China Sea.
Research on Indonesian Interests in South China Sea under Global Maritime Fulcrum Strategy
Luo Yongkun
Since Mr. Joko Widodo took office in 2014, Indonesian government has put forward Global Maritime Fulcrum strategy to strengthen the management and exploration at sea. Indonesian policy on South China Sea has significantly changed due to the implementation of the maritime strategy, which intensifies the contradiction between China and Indonesia in South China Sea. However, the two countries also seek more economic cooperation because the Global Maritime Fulcrum accords with the Belt and Road Initiative in many terms. Therefore, it is necessary for China and Indonesia to enhance strategic coordination and start discussion on Natuna issue in order to put aside the maritime dispute, and focus on economic cooperation and consolidate the comprehensive strategic partnership.
U. S.-India Strategic Relationship in the New Era: Threat Perception and Interests Balancing
Yang Xiaoping and Qin Ziyu
The deepening of the U.S-India strategic relationship since the 21st century cannot be easily argued as America's power balancing to contain the rise of China by enabling India in the framework of Sino-U.S. strategic competition. Beyond the simplified “China Factor” paradigm, the U.S-India strategic relationship in the new era needs to be analyzed in more detailed levels, including threat perception of strategic elites, core needs and interests for national development and leader's personal style, which directly influce U.S. and India weighing their own interests. In current U.S. strategic community, it has become a bi-partial consensus to compete with China. While in India, the strategic elite, guided by pragmatic national interest principle, have to carefully balance the risks with benefits when choosing bandwagoning U.S. or cooperating with China. As far as current U.S.-India strategic relationship is concerned, security and defense cooperation still plays the role as core driving-force while economic cooperation is relatively weak. The prospect for a robust U.S.-India defense and security cooperation is very expecting. And in terms of containing China, given the unbalanced development of Asia and the intertwined regional economy with security, the U.S.-India strategic relationship cannot achieve the effect of hedging China's rise.
Concept and Current Policies of U.S. “Indo-Pacific” Strategy : Analyses Based on the Framework of Strategic Narrative
Wang Shoudu
Since Donald Trump took office, the U.S. President and his diplomats frequently mentioned the concept of “Indo-Pacific” in public, and the diplomatic and defense measures taken by Trump Administration have been strengthening the recognition and acceptance of “Indo-Pacific”concept. This article analyzes the stability of “Indo-Pacific” strategy that U.S. government has been constructing in the framework of Strategic Narrative. It is found out that there are differences among America, Japan, Australia and India in their respective recognition of “Indo-Pacific”, and that the cognitive differences and the double-dealer nature of Trump may lead to the result that “Indo-Pacific” strategy will not be fully implemented.